In the present work iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by alkaline solvo thermal method using anhydrous ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and characterized by xray diffraction xrd, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir, field emission scanning electron microscopy. Though the extraction of graphene through hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. Reducing graphene oxide by various physical, thermal and chemical methods produce reduced graphene oxide r go which is commonly employed for producing large quantities of good quality graphene for various industrial applications. The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide go and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the lerfklinowski and the lee structural models. The detachment of oxygen function groups from the rgo sample, under the reduction process, is also con.
Controlled synthesis, characterization and reduction of. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles by. The method for preparing graphene involves sequential chemical synthesis of graphene oxide go suspended in water and then reducing it with. Corrosion protection of carbon steel by polyurethane. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s openi. Fabrication and characteristics of reduced graphene oxide. A novel and simple route to create a band gap in graphene through band structure engineering in homogeneous aqueous suspension of chemically synthesized graphene is reported that when fabricated as mid ir detector shows some improved detection parameters. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide nanosheets. In cs solution, the molecular chains of chitosan were disordered, showing an amorphous state, while in csgo solution, graphene oxide was uniformly dispersed. Corrosion protection of carbon steel by polyurethane coatings.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced. Go powder thus obtained was dried at room temperature. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets. Subsequently reduced graphene oxide rgo having few layer graphene is extracted. Atrftir spectra of solid go samples isolated from a acidic and b basic aqueous suspensions. Fast and fullyscalable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide. The peaks in the ftir spectrum of graphene oxide go observed at, 3636 cm1, 1753 cm1, 1649 cm1, 1456 cm1, and 1177 cm1 are attributed to oh, co, cc, coh, co bonds, respectively. The results showed that cell proliferation was observably inhibited and the ic 50 value was 352. Characterization of high yield graphene oxide synthesized. The main difference between graphite oxide and go is, thus, the number of layers. A raman spectroscopic investigation of graphite oxide.
Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized. Preparation and characterization of nitrogen doped reduced. Kottegoda 1 1 materials technology section of industrial technology institute, no. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of reduced graphene oxide synthesized from high purity vein graphite c. The polyanilinegraphene oxide gopani composite was prepared by the same polymerization method with the presence of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide go was chemically synthesized from natural flake graphite nfg. Modification of graphene oxide for applying as midinfrared. These include the oh bond from alcohol functional group at. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo. Recently, graphene and other graphene based materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. In these measurements, infrared light is passed into an atr crystal to reflect against the sample with a short penetration depth to minimise noise in the spectrum as graphene oxide is a 2d material. A theoretical study of graphene oxide chemical structure haining luo. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles. Xps, ftir, raman and electrical conductivity analysis showed that all reductants except dglc without the addition of ammonia were effective to convert go into rgo.
The method for preparing graphene involves sequential chemical synthesis of graphene oxide go. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects, and edges. We can see from the results of xrd, ftir and xps that when graphene oxide is combined with chitosan, the carboxyl group on go reacts with the amino group in chitosan, as shown in figure 9. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects. Two different reduced graphene oxide rgo derivatives, terminated by hydroxyl and epoxyhydroxyl groups, were prepared and blended with two different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol peg. Surface functional groups of go layers and the oxidative debris od stacked on them were investigated after od was extracted. Surface functional groups of go layers and the oxidative debris od stacked on them were. In this work, graphene oxide go was prepared by modified hummers method.
Graphene sheets that are now routinely obtained by the exfoliationreduction of graphite oxide exhibit raman spectra unlike traditional graphene systems. Oxidation of graphite and covalent coupling of lof with graphene oxide was analyzed through. I suppose the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide or graphite was shown at 600 cm1 and 800 cm 1 oh, a long peak at 1600 cm1 with another in 1700 co, at 2500 cm1 shows the most large and long, and then in 1650cc. The theoretical study of graphene oxide on the 24th australian conference on microscopy and. Graphene is a 2dimensional honeycomb lattice of sp2bonded carbon atoms and has received enormous interest because of its host of interesting material properties and technological potentials. Functionalized fewlayered graphene oxide embedded in an. It is a technique adopted to obtain an infrared spectrum of. Mortality showed a concentrationdependent increase, and was 19. The process started with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into graphite oxide by modified hummers method, followed by the exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using the ultrasound frequency from a laboratory ultrasonic bath. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of.
In the spectrum of graphene oxide, the absorption peak at 1,726 cm1 is caused by the c o stretching vibration of the cooh group. The ftir spectrum of go in figure 1, shows a broad peak appeared at 3429 cm1 in the high frequency area attributed to the stretching mode of oh bond, reveals the presence of hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide. However, there are methods that can be used to counteract. Graphene oxide and its derivatives have been widely explored for their antimicrobial properties due to their high surfacetovolume ratios and unique chemical and physical properties. These include the oh bond from alcohol functional group at peak 3201. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects, and. However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to. Synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide page 70 to exfoliate the layers figure 3. Studies on assynthesized graphene oxide flakes bentham. Characterization of high yield graphene oxide synthesized by. The samples were characterized using fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy. Graphene has many unique properties that make it an ideal material for fundamental studies as well as for potential applications.
The prepared graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were characterized by uvvisible spectroscopy, ftir spectroscopy, and xrd. Structural and optical characterization of zno nanoparticles. In this study, we report the broad spectrum antiviral activity of go against pseudorabies virus prv, a dna virus and porcine. The process involved preparation of graphene oxide and its chemical reduction with different reductants to obtain reduced graphene oxide. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s. The interest and research in the material is due to the ability of these nanoparticles significantly altering the electrical and mechanical properties of the polymer, even addition of small levels. Toxicological effects of graphene oxide on saccharomyces. Spectrum of graphene raman spectroscopy is a vibrational technique that is extremely sensitive to geometric structure and bonding within molecules.
Graphene oxide go has recently attracted great attention due to its unique chemical and physical properties. Graphene oxide go is synthesized via chemical exfoliation of bulk graphite. A theoretical study of graphene oxide chemical structure. Download scientific diagram ftir spectrum of graphene oxide and graphene. Analysis was performed successfully using fourier transform. One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide go, is prepared by the. Polyurethane coatings with different go concentrations 0. Aksay, roberto car, and annabella selloni, department of chemistry and department of chemical and biological engineering, princeton university, princeton, new jersey 08544, united states. Jul 22, 2015 a novel and simple route to create a band gap in graphene through band structure engineering in homogeneous aqueous suspension of chemically synthesized graphene is reported that when fabricated as mid ir detector shows some improved detection parameters. The strong absorption band at 1034 cm1 hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatitegraphene oxide confirms the stretching vibration of po4 while the bending composite. Corrosion resistance of polyurethane coatings containing go was investigated by. Ftir spectroscopy analysis of gos figure 2a shows the spectrum of natural flake graphite nfg and figure 2b typifies the spectrum of graphene oxide synthesized during a three day proce. Dec 14, 2015 the process involved preparation of graphene oxide and its chemical reduction with different reductants to obtain reduced graphene oxide. The ftir spectrum looks like it was collected using.
Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of reduced. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3graphene10% composites.
Uvvisible spectroscopy the optical characterization of the sample was recorded on uvvis absorption spectrophotometer figure 4 a. The obtained samples were studied by ftir, uvvis, sem, edx, and tem methods. The oxidativeexfoliation methods can potentially produce large quantities of graphene oxide go, a graphenelike nanosheet which is typically defective and requires additional treatments to. Sep 12, 2014 in the present work iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by alkaline solvo thermal method using anhydrous ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and characterized by xray diffraction xrd, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir, field emission scanning electron microscopy fesem, energydispersive xray spectroscopy edx. Fourier transform infrared ftir analysis showed the presence of abundant oxygencontaining functional groups in go as compared to rgo.
Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced. Using saccharomyces cerevisiae as an experimental model, the potential toxicity of graphene oxide go was evaluated following exposure to 0600 mg l. Pdf synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite. In this study, we report the broad spectrum antiviral activity of go against pseudorabies virus prv, a dna virus and porcine epidemic. This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a lowcost manufacturing method. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxidechitosan. Preparation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. The results of ftir and raman spectroscopy analysis show that the nfg when oxidized by strong oxidants like kmno 4 and nano 3, introduced. In a go dispersion, a few layer flakes and monolayer flakes can be found. Recently, graphene and other graphenebased materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. In this work, the go nanosheets were prepared by a chemical exfoliation technique. Aug 18, 2019 the purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide go and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the lerfklinowski and the lee structural models. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene. The go was chemically reduced to reduced graphene oxide rgo using hydrazine monohydrate.
Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod. Fewlayered graphene oxide is covalently functionalized with 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane and incorporated into an organosiloxane matrix using a solgel technique. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide, ftir, raman, and xrd studies article pdf available in journal of spectroscopy 20162.
Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. The doping concentration of the former structure is typically limited to. The resulting graphene oxide was subsequently calcinated at temperature of 200 oc under a flow of laminar n2 gas. Role of oxygen functional groups in reduced graphene oxide. Uvvisible spectroscopy the optical characterization of the sample was recorded on uvvis absorption spectrophotometer figure 4 a shows the uvvisible absorption spectra of zno. Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a quick and unambiguous method to determine the number of graphene layers. Chapter 3 synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Structural and electronic structure investigations on. The polyaniline graphene oxide gopani composite was prepared by the same polymerization method with the presence of graphene oxide. The results showed that treating graphite powder with kmno 4 at 40 c for 12 h resulted in better degree of oxidation. The material is then scanned over several angles of incidence and the refracted beam is detected to give the spectra across 6004000 cm 1.
We investigate raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and stone. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. This paper shows a study of nanocomposite formed by adding reduced graphene oxide with high acidity and polystyrene. The raman spectroscopy of graphene and the determination. The peak at 1,620 cm1 is attributed to the c c skeletal vibration of the graphene sheets. The peaks are somewhat shifted from where it should have been. Xray diffraction analysis of graphite, graphite oxide, and the reduced graphene oxide. Mar 27, 2017 two different reduced graphene oxide rgo derivatives, terminated by hydroxyl and epoxyhydroxyl groups, were prepared and blended with two different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol peg. Modification of graphene oxide for applying as mid.
The flow chart for synthesis of go is given in figure 3. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. The structural and optical properties of the asprepared go nanosheets were characterized by raman, ftir, uvvis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. However, little information is available on their effects on viruses. For light polarized along the length of the ribbon, the absorption spectrum is characterized by a drude response similar to that in bulk graphene sheets. Even small differences in geometric structure lead to significant differences in the observed raman spectrum of a molecule. The peaks in the raman spectrum are observed at 1599 cm1 and 49 cm1, which confirms the lattice distortion in the graphene oxide go. Ftir spectra were recorded on shimadzu dr8001 spectrometer. Thin films of go and rgo were also deposited on sodalime glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique spt. Comparison of graphene oxide and graphene ftir spectrum the spectrum of graphene oxide shows that there is a presence of an abundant oxygen containing functional groups attached to the sample. Ftir spectra observed of zinc oxide nanoparticles in their investigation. May 15, 2015 the oxidativeexfoliation methods can potentially produce large quantities of graphene oxide go, a graphene like nanosheet which is typically defective and requires additional treatments to. The general attributes of the raman spectra of these wrinkled graphene are first reaffirmed by evaluating the spectra of samples prepared by seven different exfoliationreduction methods.
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